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In Sanskrit, Ayurveda means “The Science of Life.” Ayurvedic knowledge originated in India more than 5,000 years ago and is often called the “Mother of All Healing.” It stems from the ancient Vedic culture and was taught for many thousands of years in an oral tradition from accomplished masters to their disciples. Ayurveda, is based on ancient writings that rely on a “natural” and holistic approach to physical and mental health.
Ayurvedic medicine is one of the world’s oldest medical systems and remains one of India’s traditional health care systems. It is a very Holistic medical system that defines life as union of Soul with body, mind and sensory organs.
Ayurveda has a holistic approach to health and believes that restoring balance between our mental, physical and spiritual side is essential to be healthy for instance, there can be no physical health without mental or spiritual health and vice versa. This balance is not only internal but also external. External balance is the balance between the individual and the environment.
Ayurveda has two functions. Svasthavritta which is preventive medicine and Aturavritta the curative medicine. Svasthavritta (preventive medicine) is the harmonious way of living by fulfilling the needs of body, mind, senses and the soul. Ayurveda says that health is possible only when you maintain the integrity of all layers of your existence. Hence Ayurveda advices a way of life to achieve four goals of life called Dharma (actions contributing to sustenance of universe), Artha (wealth), Kama (Pleasures including health) and Moksha (Liberation from worldly troubles). Ayurvedic living begins with a healthy personal life, family life and social life to fulfil your Dharma. Ayurveda inspires you to earn wealth through your profession.
Ayurveda is based on the definition of the inborn constitutional health state of a patient - Prakriti. The biomedical validity of constitutional assessment followed in Ayurveda has received confirmations from genomic studies. Health is an individual, relative state and constitution - prakriti- may explain why peculiar diseases occur to one patient and not to another one. The determination of – prakriti – which is assessed by considering psycho-physical attitudes and socio-cultural circumstances – allows to define how the individual can achieve good health. The patient needs to follow the Physician's Personal guidelines in order to achieve and maintain his ideal healthy state.
Everything in the universe – dead or alive – is connected. If your mind, body, and spirit are in harmony with the universe, you have good health. When something disrupts this balance, you get sick. Among the things that can upset this balance are genetic or birth defects, injuries, climate and seasonal change, age, and your emotions.
According to Ayurveda, all matter in this Universe is made up of five eternal substances in various proportions known as Panchamahabhoothas - earth, air, fire, water and space. It further explains, humans are the micro version of the Universe. These five elements combined with the soul to create a living being. All the five elements exist in all things including our bodies and have specific qualities. These occur as Thridoshas – Vatha, Pitha and Kapha – in humans. Ayurveda speaks on balancing the body, mind and soul for a healthy life through balancing these three dosha - Vata dosha (space and air), Pitta dosha (fire and water), and Kapha dosha (water and earth).
Pancamahabhutas are mixed in an infinite variety of relative proportions such that each form of matter is distinctly unique. Although each element has a range of attributes, only some get evident in particular situations. Constantly changing and interacting with each other, they create a situation of dynamic flux that keeps the world going.
Ayurveda clearly states that only a balanced condition of doshas, dhatus and malas is arogya (good health or disease-free condition) and their imbalance is the cause of ill health or disease.
According to Ayurveda, the human body (the physical entity) is made of all three doshas (vata, pitta, kapha), but our unique constitution or combination of those qualities (prakriti) can determine our unique mental and physical tendencies. Your prakriti was determined at birth, and in order to live to your healthiest state, the goal is to balance your proportion of each of the three ayurvedic doshas.
All three of the doshas can be found in everyone and everything, but in different proportions. They combine to create different climates, different foods, different species, and even different individuals within the same species.
In fact, the particular ratio of vata, pitta, and kapha within each of us provides us with a blueprint for optimal health (otherwise known as our constitution), and garners a significant influence on our individual physical, mental, and emotional character traits—as well as our unique strengths and vulnerabilities.
Each Dosha gives certain characteristic qualities to the person, based on which an individual can be classified as belonging to that particular Dosha type
Vata Dosha
Vata dosha is derived from the elements of space and air and it is known as the energy of movement that governs all the biological activities of the body. It is also called the ‘king of doshas’ since it governs the body’s greater life force and gives motion to other two doshas of pitta and kapha.
People born with vata dosha are usually active, creative and are gifted with the natural ability to express and communicate. They are also quick learners, have a lively and fun personality, and are full of joy and enthusiasm when in balance. But when their vata goes out of balance, they start showing tendencies to act on impulse, mood swings and respond to stress with fear, anxiety and worry. Some of the common signs of vata imbalance also include bodily disorders related to dryness of skin, dry cough, constipation, lower back pain, menstrual disorders and abdominal pain among others.
Strengths: learn quickly, highly creative, multitasker, kind-hearted, flexible, “on the go,” naturally slim
Weaknesses: forgetful, anxious, unstable mood, can get overwhelmed easily, highly sensitive to the cold, has trouble sleeping, irregular appetite and eating patterns, prone to digestive issues and gas, poor circulation (cold hands and feet)
Pitta Dosha
Pitta dosha is the energy controls your digestion, metabolism (how well you break down foods), and certain hormones that are linked to your appetite. Things that can disrupt it are eating sour or spicy foods and spending too much time in the sun. The main location of pitta in the body are the small intestines, stomach, liver, spleen, pancreas, blood and eyes. It is known to provide heat and energy to the body through the breakdown of complex food molecules and governs all the processes related to conversion and transformation throughout the mind and body.
People of pitta body type are usually of medium height and have a delicate and slender body frame. Their muscle development is moderate and usually have a fair or reddish kind of complexion. They are blessed with a soft skin and hair is usually silky but more on the thinner side and may have a tendency for premature greying. The colour of their eyes usually range from green, grey or copper brown and be of medium prominence.
People of pitta type are usually intelligent people and are governed by the emotions of joy, willpower, courage, anger, jealousy and mental perception
Weaknesses: impatient, prone to conflict, always hungry, mood swings when hungry, prone to acne and inflammation, sensitive to hot temperatures
Those with a pitta-dominant dosha should focus on work-life balance and avoid extreme heat (e.g., weather, spicy food)
Kapha Dosha: Kapha dosha is the energy force controls muscle growth, body strength and stability, weight, and your immune system. You can disrupt it by sleeping during the day, eating too many sweet foods, and eating or drinking things that contain too much salt or water. The main location of kapha in the body are chest, throat, lungs, head, fatty tissues, connective tissues, ligaments and tendons. It aids in lubricating the joints, store energy and give bulk to the tissues.
Kapha people usually constitute well-developed bodies but also have a tendency to carry excess weight. Their chests are expanded and broad and their veins and tendons are not visible because of thick layer of skin and good muscle development. They usually have fair complexion and have lustrous and oily skin. Their hair is thick, dark and of wavy kind and eyes are often dense and large and of black or blue shade.
Strengths: empathetic, caring, trusting, patient, calm, wise, happy, romantic, strong bones and joints, healthy immune system
Weaknesses: prone to weight gain, slow metabolism, sluggishness, over-sleeping, breathing issues (i.e., asthma, allergies), higher risk of heart disease, mucus build-up, susceptible to depression, needs regular motivation and encouragement
For good health, a kapha-dominant person should focus on regular exercise, a healthy diet, maintain a warm body temperature (e.g., by sitting in a sauna or eating warm food), and establish a regular sleep routine.
Ayurveda is not only an ancient healing system, but a complete way of life, and demands absolute dedication to achieve the right balance. Based on the idea that disease is due to an imbalance or stress in a person's consciousness, Ayurveda encourages certain lifestyle interventions and natural therapies to regain a balance between the body, mind, spirit, and the environment.
The concepts of universal interconnectedness, the body's constitution (prakriti), and life forces (doshas) are the primary basis of ayurvedic medicine. Goals of treatment aid the person by eliminating impurities, reducing symptoms, increasing resistance to disease, reducing worry, and increasing harmony in life. Herbs and other plants, including oils and common spices, are used extensively in Ayurvedic treatment.
The goal of treatment is to cleanse your body of undigested food, which can stay in your body and lead to illness. The cleansing process—called “Panchakarma”— is designed to reduce your symptoms and restore harmony and balance.
Oleation: Oleation includes use of oil or oily substance on the body. Ayurveda offers different oils made from various home grown and mineral ingredients mostly for external use. Aside from oils and ghee utilized especially for internal application. The fatty substance goes about as a viable medium, figures out how to achieve the more profound tissues, helps in carrying the medicinal ingredients every cell of the body and loosen up toxins stuck in the cells.
Fomentation: The treatments that produce sweat are called fomentation treatments. Oleation treatments are followed by the fomentation treatments. The tissues made delicate by oleation treatments become more flexible by fomentation therapies. Profound established toxins relaxed by oleation melt because of fomentation therapy and help it to flush out of the body.
Five Panchakarma Therapies
Ayurvedic herbs are extracted from different parts of the plant – leaves, nuts, seeds, bark, roots and so on. There are thousands of such herbs and their combinations which are available as medicines. The method of processing & extraction also varies greatly – while some are extracted by boiling in water, some are used to make herbal wines and others are used directly for ingestion. Combination of herbs which are described in Ayurvedic scriptures are called “classical medicines” while those which have been formulated by pharmaceutical companies are called “proprietary medicines”.
Ayurvedic treatments include more than 600 herbal formulas and 250 single plant remedies. Ayurveda categorizes therapies according to their health effects, such as pain relief or increased vitality (energy).
Ayurvedic herbs are used for several reasons, including:
